eastern black kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula nigra)

Photos

Distribution Map

Characteristics

This species is shiny black with a chainlike pattern of white or yellow. The belly is bluish-gray with white or yellowish squares. It is a large, stout snake that grows to lengths of 36-45 in. (90-114 cm). Juveniles are patterned as adults. The only other black snakes in Virginia are the northern black racer, Coluber constrictor, and the black rat snake, Elaphe obsoleta. Neither of these species has white or yellow crossbars or spotting on the head and belly. Mating takes place in the spring, 10-24 eggs are laid in June/July, and the eggs hatch in August/September. Kingsnakes are noted for vibrating their tails when disturbed and for discharging musk from glands at the base of the tail when picked up. These snakes are immune to poisonous snake venom and will eat venomous snakes when given a chance. They are preyed upon by raccoons, opossums, and skunks.

Distribution

This snake is widespread in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Regions, but has been found in only 3 counties in the Tennessee River drainage of southwest Virginia. It also occurs in the Potomac River drainage in Northern Virginia. This species is found in a variety of habitats, but seems to prefer moist areas near swamps, marshes, along stream banks and lakes. It is also found on rocky hillsides, pastures, near streams and thickets and often under logs, boards, rotten stumps, or in burrows.

Foods

The black kingsnake eats garter and water snakes, skinks, reptile eggs, rodents, birds and their eggs, frogs, and some insects. Kingsnakes are widely known as predators of other snakes, including venomous species.

More Information

For more information, please visit the Virginia Fish & Wildlife Information Service (direct link to species booklet).